绪章课程导学

Introduction to the Course

●0.1课程导学Introduction to the Course

Introduction to the Course.

第一章新闻英语概论 Overview of News English

本章主要讲授英美报纸发展历史，同时探讨了新闻的价值和原则。得益于新兴科技与社交媒体，我们每个人都能成为记者，了解新闻的历史、价值和原则有助于提高我们对新闻的敏感度。
This chapter mainly talks about the brief history of British and American newspapers. It also introduces the values and principles of news. Thanks to new technology and social media, everybody can be a journalist. Learning about the history, values and principles of journalism will help us develop our news awareness.

●1.1英国报纸的历史The History of British Newspapers

本节主要介绍英国报纸发展简史，包括第一家真正意义上的英国报纸、第一家日报、三大权威报业、小报、免费报章以及已经倒闭的《世界新闻报》。
Session One mainly introduces the brief history of British newspapers, including the first true British newspaper, the first daily newspaper, big three quality papers，the tabloid papers, free newspapers in Britain, and the closure of The News of the World.

●1.2美国报纸的历史 A Brief History of American Newspapers

本节讲授美国报业的历史。介绍美国第一家报业、第一家成功的报业、第一份日报、第一份便士报 、以及第一个普利策奖。除此以外，还会简单介绍美国新闻界其它一些举足轻重的历史性发展和里程碑事件。
Session Two talks about the history of American newspapers. It introduces the first American newspaper, the first successful newspaper, the first daily paper, the first penny paper and the first Pulitzer Prize. In addition, some other important historical developments and milestones in American journalism will be briefly introduced.

●1.3新闻价值与原则 News Values and Principles

也许新闻的定义多种多样 与时变迁,但是评价新闻的准则是恒久不变的,这些准则就是: 是否新颖?是否不同寻常?是否有趣? 是否意义非凡? 是否与著名人物或知名机构有关?是否能引起人们的情感共鸣?同时，本节还介绍了好新闻具备的十大基本原则。
Definitions of news may vary and change, but the criteria by which news is judged remains constant. They are: Is it new? Is it unusual? Is it interesting? Is it significant? Is it about well- known people or institutions? Is it emotionally close to people? What’s more, it discusses 10 elements common to good journalism.

●1.4你问我答 Questions & Answers

你问我答 Questions & Answers

第二章新闻英语的特点 Features of News English

本章讨论英语新闻文章的主要类型及其基本结构，同时介绍新闻英语的词汇特征以及语法现象，最后介绍新闻英语的修辞手段。
This chapter first looks at the typical types of English news articles as well as the basic structures. Then it provides an introduction to the lexical and grammatical features of news English. Finally it introduces rhetorical devices of news English,

●2.1新闻分类及结构特点 Types and Structures of the News

本节讨论新闻英语的分类与结构特点。根据不同的角度，新闻可以分为不同的类型。新闻报道通常有三种结构类型：倒金字塔型、金字塔型和沙漏型。
Session One discusses the types and structures of the news. News can be classified into different types based on different perspectives. There are three possible types of structures for a news report: the inverted pyramid, the pyramid and the hourglass.

●2.2词汇特色 Lexical Features

本节讲授新闻英语的词汇特色，包括大量使用简短词和缩略词、频繁使用新词和时髦词、广泛使用转喻词和外来词、以及灵活使用模糊词和形象词。
Session Two talks about the lexical features of news English: the preference for midget words and abbreviations, the frequent use of neologisms and vogue words, the wide use of metonyms and loan words, and the flexible use of fuzzy words and vivid words.

●2.3语法现象 Grammar in News English

本节聚焦新闻英语的语法特点。为了能快速、准确、清晰地传递信息，一些有效的语法手段常常被采用，例如使用多重前置修饰词，灵活使用省略，时态呼应不规则，被动语态用法特殊，频繁穿插背景材料，以及引语和插入语的镶嵌。
This session focuses on the grammatical features of news English. In order to deliver the information quickly, accurately and clearly, some effective grammatical measures are adopted. The grammatical features of news English include the heavy use of pre-modifiers, the flexible use of omission, the disagreement of tenses, the special usage of passive voice, the frequent use of backgrounds, and the insertion of quotations and parentheses.

●2.4修辞手段 Rhetorical Devices

本节讲授新闻英语常见的修辞手段。一般来说，常用的有明喻、暗喻、双关、夸张、委婉语、借代、典故、反讽、重复、对偶、排比，以及语音修辞，包括头韵、元韵、辅韵、尾韵及拟声词的使用。
Session Three focuses on the rhetorical devices commonly used in news. They are simile, metaphor, pun, hyperbole, euphemism, metonymy, allusion, irony, repetition, antithesis, parallelism, and phonetic rhetoric, which includes alliteration, assonance, consonance, end rhyme, and onomatopoeia.

●2.5你问我答 Questions & Answers

你问我答 Questions & Answers

第三章新闻英语阅读概览 Browse over English News Reading

在第三章中，我们将讨论如何找到您感兴趣的新闻，以及如何快速把握一条长篇新闻的主要观点。在第一个视频里，为了帮助您找到所需的新闻，我们将介绍报纸通常涵盖的常见板块以及搜多英语新闻的方式。在第二个视频中，我们讨论了如何理解新闻报道的标题，简要介绍了英语新闻标题的基本特征。 导语通常是新闻的第一段，为读者提供最重要的事件信息。不同类型的导语提供不同的阅读体验，这些将在第三个视频中介绍。在第四个视频中，我们将展示新闻照片和漫画以及理解这些生动图画的方法。在本章的最后，我们将讨论如何跳读，即带着问题进行积极阅读。
In Chapter Three, we discuss how to find the news you are interested in, and how to grasp the main idea of a long piece of news at several glances. To help you find the news you want, we introduce the common sectors a newspaper usually covers and the ways to access English news in the first video. In the second video, we talk about how to understand the headline of a news report, giving a brief introduction to the basic features of English news headlines. Lead is usually the first paragraph of a news story, providing the readers the most important information of an event. Different kinds of leads provide different reading experiences which are covered in the third video. In the fourth video, we present news photos and cartoons and the way to understand these vivid pictures. At the end of this chapter, we discuss how to skim while reading actively with questions in mind.

●3.1搜索新闻 Searching the News

这小节的目标之一是帮助您了解一些著名的报纸及其常见栏目。另一个目标是帮助你了解一些搜索新闻的方法，这样你会发现养成阅读英文报纸的习惯并不难。
One of the objectives for this session is to help you know some famous newspapers and their common sections. And the other one is to help you know some methods to search the news you want so you may find it not too difficult to have a habit of reading newspapers.

●3.2扫描标题 Scanning the Headline

扫描标题有助于抓住新闻报道的主要内容，甚至是记者，专栏作家或编辑的态度。由于编辑们尽一切努力节省空间，我们就需要了解标题的共同特征以便了解标题的意思。本小节的内容主要是这两方面。
Scanning the headline is helpful to grab the main idea of the news article and even the attitude of the reporter, the columnist or the editor. Since the editors try every mean to save space, we have to understand the common features of news headlines to understand headlines. This session focuses on these two aspects.

●3.3读懂导语 Understanding the Lead

在阅读标题和副标题后，我们将阅读新闻导语以获取更多信息。本小节我们将讨论三个方面：什么是导语，我们为什么要阅读导语，我们应该如何阅读导语。
After reading the headline and the sub-headline, we are going to read the lead to get more information. In this session we will discuss three aspects: what is lead, why we should read lead and how we should read lead.

●3.4赏析图画Appreciating the pictures

本小节的重点是新闻图片和漫画以及其他相关信息。我们可以了解图片在新闻中的重要性以及如何欣赏它们的隐含意义。
This session focuses on news pictures and cartoons and other related information. We can know the importance of pictures in news and how to appreciate their implied meaning.

●3.5省时解惑的跳读 Skimming for Efficiency

本小节我们将回答以下问题，包括什么是跳读，为什么一定要跳读，什么不是跳读，以及如何跳读。
In this session we will answer these questions including what is skimming, why should we skim, what is skimming not, and how to skim?

●3.6你问我答 Questions & Answers

你问我答 Questions & Answers

第四章新闻英语阅读精析 Detailed Analysis of English News Reading

第四章包括两个方面，即英语新闻阅读的难度和深度。首先，我们将讨论学生在阅读英语新闻时的实际困难，如生词、长难句、图表等。第一个视频介绍了处理新闻中不熟悉的单词的三种方法。第二个视频介绍了分析长难句的方法。第三个视频侧重于新闻中的图表的理解。图表阅读是大学里的基本学术技能之一，要多多练习。然后，我们还介绍了批判性阅读技巧，以帮助读者更深入地分析新闻中的信息。第四个视频关注新闻中的不同来源，第五个视频介绍解读观点的方法。
In Chapter Four, we deal with the practical difficulties students usually face when reading English news, the difficulties about unknown words, long sentences, graphs and diagrams. The first video introduces the three ways to deal with the unfamiliar words in a news article. The second video presents the ways to deal with long sentences. Although a sentence is as long as occupying more than three lines, the basic structure: the subject and the predicate are the most important parts and have to be found correctly. The third video focuses on the graphs and diagrams in news which are usually ignored by students but are rather important and easy to get the idea. Graph-reading is also an academic skill in university, so you cannot miss it.
Besides, critical reading skills are also introduced in this chapter to help readers analyze the information in a news article. We discuss the different sources in the fourth video and emphasize that the quotations of the interviewees also give some hint of the journalist’s standpoint. In the fifth video, we come to share the ways to tell the opinion of the reporter.

●4.1猜测词义 Guessing the New Words

虽然我们在阅读英语新闻时经常遇到很多新词，但我们没有必要查阅每一个我们不知道的词。我们可以借助一些技巧来猜测它们的含义。本小节介绍克服未知单词障碍的方法——词源分析法，语法分析法和语境分析法。
Although we usually come across many new words while reading news in English, it is not necessary that we look up every word we do not know. We can guess the meaning of them with the help of some skills. This session helps to know the methods of overcoming the barriers of unknown words-- etymological analysis, grammatical analysis and contextual analysis.

●4.2解读长句 Analyzing Long Sentences

长句常见于新闻中。本小节讨论为什么新闻文章中有很多长句，为什么我们觉得难以理解它们以及如何快速解释长句。
Long sentences are commonly found in news. This sessions discusses why there are many long sentences in news article, why we feel difficult to understand them and how to interpret long sentences quickly.

●4.3分析图表 Interpreting Graphs

英语新闻中的图表提供了丰富的可视化信息，并为文章提供了更多背景信息。本小节包括两部分：新闻中常用的图表类型和理解图表的方法步骤。
Graphs in English news present rich information in a visual way, and also offer background information for the news. This session includes two parts: types of graphs commonly used in journalism and steps to interpret a graph.

●4.4分辨源头 Noting the Sources

我们在本小节的重点是关注新闻来源。我们将回答两个问题:我们为什么要关注新闻来源？我们应该注意哪些新闻来源？
This session is to draw readers’ attention to news sources. We mainly answer two questions: Why should we pay attention to the sources? And what sources should we pay attention to?

●4.5明辨观点 Recognizing the Opinions

识别新闻文章中的观点并不容易。本小节介绍了一些批判性阅读寻找记者观点的技巧。
Recognizing the Opinions in news articles is not an easy thing. This session introduces how to read critically and find the journalists’ opinion.

●4.6你问我答 Questions & Answers

你问我答 Questions & Answers

第五章新闻英语视听全局把握 Audio-visual English News: An Overall Glance

本章介绍把握英语视听新闻全局的方法。首先介绍英语新闻的语音特色和常见新闻元素，然后介绍如何通过导语把握新闻主旨以及如何理解新闻背景的方法。
This chapter provides an overall glance of audio-visual English news. It first focuses on the phonetic features in English news as well as the common elements. It then introduces how to understand the main idea of news reports through the lead and how to understand the backgrounds in news reports.

●5.1了解语音特色 Phonetic Features

本节介绍英语新闻的语音特色。不同的语速、重音、语调和口音常常在英语新闻中出现。
Session One introduces the phonetic features of English news, it tells us that audio and visual news is usually presented in different speed, stress, intonation and accents.

●5.2熟悉新闻元素 Common Elements in English News

本节重点介绍四类英语新闻——政治新闻、经济新闻、科技新闻和灾难新闻，分析这些新闻中的常见新闻元素。
Session Two mainly focuses on four types of news. They are political news, economic news, scientific and technological news, and disaster news. We will get to know the common elements included in those types of news.

●5.3把握主旨大意 Understanding the Main Idea

本节介绍通过新闻导语把握主旨的方法。重点介绍听懂导语中的“谁”、“何事”、“何事”、“何地”、“为何”以及“如何”的方法。
Session Three tells us how to get the main idea of news through lead. It focuses on how to understand who, what, when, where, why and how respectively.

●5.4知晓新闻背景 Backgrounds in News Report

本节讨论新闻背景的定义、重要功能、不同形式和不同种类。
The session talks about the backgrounds of English news. The definition, important functions, different forms and types of news backgrounds are presented here.

●5.5你问我答 Questions & Answers

你问我答 Questions & Answers

第六章新闻英语视听细节抓取 Audio-visual English News: A Detailed Analysis

本章介绍听懂英语新闻细节的方法。首先讨论了通过引语把握说话者态度的方法以及从数字中获取重要信息的途径。然后介绍了快速做笔记的方法。最后讲授两个重要的听力策略——预测和推断。
This chapter provides some important strategies for understanding the details of English news. It first talks about how to understand speakers’ attitudes from quotations and how to grasp important information through various numbers. Then it introduces useful ways to take notes. Finally, it focuses on two important strategies for listening, prediction and inference.

●6.1揣摩人物态度 Quotations and Attitudes

本节讨论了新闻中引语的定义和种类，以及通过引语中的动词、总结语、关键词等来判断说话者态度的方法。
Session One introduces the definition and types of quotations, as well as some useful ways to judge speakers’ attitudes through quotations, like the verbs, the summary statements, or the key words can be important clues to speakers’ attitudes.

●6.2听懂各类数字 Various Numbers in the News

本节讲解英语新闻中的数字。介绍了通过新闻主题预测数字类型的方法，以及英语新闻中数字的特点。这些知识可以帮助我们更好地把握信息、理解新闻。
Session Two talks about the numbers in English news. It tells us that we can predict the types numbers through the topics, and it also presents the common features of numbers, which can help us understand the number-related information better when we listen to the news.

●6.3掌握速记策略 Note-taking Strategies

本节介绍快速做笔记地方法。使用数学符号，箭头、图画、缩写等快速有效地做笔记。
Session Three introduces some important ways to take notes. Those ways include the use of symbols, like mathematical symbols, arrows, graphs and drawings, as well as the use of abbreviations. Taking notes can help you understand news more efficiently.

●6.4学会预测推断 Prediction and Inference

本节讲授通过新闻导语和给出的答案预测新闻内容的方法，以及通过上下文、逻辑连接词和新闻背景对新闻内容进行推断的途径。
The session tells us how to make prediction through the lead and the given answers, as well as how to make inference through the context, the logical connectors and the backgrounds.

●6.5你问我答 Questions & Answers

你问我答 Questions & Answers

第七章新闻英语写作 News English Writing

本章主要介绍新闻英语的写作方法，包括新闻写作、新闻评论、人物特写和社交网络写作四个部分。通过分析不同类型新闻的语言特征和写作结构元素，帮助学习者理解新闻英语文体的内在逻辑与结构。同时，引入范文赏析具体指导学习者进行写作实践。
This chapter takes an approach to developing writing skills. Writing English news helps you develop writing skills. It is staged into four sessions ---news writing, commentary writing, feature writing and online writing for network media. Students are guided through the process of understanding how structural elements integrated each other and in what different language styles. Sample analysis in each part serves as kind of good interpretation for good writing.

●7.1校园新闻 Campus News Reports

第一节是新闻写作，特别是校园新闻写作。校园新闻写作是一种快速及时又直接的新闻写作，通常包括新闻事件发生的时间地点人物等六个基本要素中的大部分，取决于各种不同类型新闻的具体需要，但是最重要的信息一定是写在最开始。
Session One leads in news writing, especially campus news writing. Campus news writing is kind of quick and direct react, and usually involves most of the six basic elements 5ws and the H depending on various different news with the most important information at the very beginning.

●7.2新闻评论 Commentary Writing

本节讨论如何对新闻事件表达多维观点。它通常是一篇论证文章，标题短小精悍，主题直截了当，逻辑性强，论证性强，结论深刻。本节进一步讨论如何引入新闻由头、插入背景信息、选择可靠的引用、导入数据和图表、切换比较与对比等写作方法。
This session deals with how to express multidimensional views on the news events. It is usually a piece of argumentative writing always with a short and catching headline, straightforward theme prelude, logic and convincing demonstration and impressive conclusion. This session further discusses how to introduce a news peg, blend Background information, select reliable quotations, lead in data and graphs, switch between comparison and contrast e

●7.3特写故事 News Features & Profiles

新闻特写的目的不仅是传递信息，更是娱悦读者。人物描写应该生动。本节强调细节描写，以帮助读者自己贴近人物，具体观察倾听人物。另外，还介绍了一些语言修辞方法，以增强特写的文学功能。
A feature serves the purpose of entertaining the readers in addition to informing them. Feature writing describes vivid characters. This session focuses on concrete details as to help readers see and get to know the subject, let readers themselves hear the profile person talk and to get a close look onto him. Some rhetorical devices are also introduced to achieve high literary quality.

●7.4社交短信 Online Short Message Writing

本节讨论社交媒体成为独特传播工具的几个特点，介绍四种不同类型的社交媒体平台，并推荐了社交媒体短文本写作的一些原则。
This session discusses several characteristics which make social media a unique communication tool. Four different types of social media platform are introduced. Some principles in creating social media short texts are also recommended in this session.

●7.5你问我答 Questions & Answers

你问我答 Questions & Answers

第八章新闻英语采访与播报 News Interviewing and Broadcasting

第八章讲授新闻采访中提问的技巧和如何复述报刊文章，介绍新闻课堂陈述的步骤流程，并分享一些使课堂陈述更有效的技巧，最后探讨如何评价课堂新闻口头陈述。
This chapter talks about techniques for asking questions in a journalistic interview and how to retell a newspaper article. It also introduces the procedure of making a news presentation and tips for an effective presentation. Finally it discusses how to evaluate the news presentation in class.

●8.1新闻采访提问 Asking Questions in a News Interview

本节首先讲授如何使用开放性问题和封闭性问题来收集信息, 然后探讨如何在不同类型的采访中为达到不同的目的进行采访提问。希望你能像一名记者那样设计问题、提出问题。
This session first talks about how to use open and closed questions to gather information. Then it explores how to ask questions in different types of interviews for different purposes. Hopefully you can create and ask questions like a journalist.

●8.2新闻事件复述 Retelling a News Report

复述是一种读或听完一个故事后用释义来总结这个故事的能力，它是一种能提高你阅读理解和口语能力的策略。 本节主要回答一下问题：复述是什么？为什么采用复述？以及如何对报刊文章进行复述？
Retelling is the ability to read or listen to a story, then summarize it in paraphrased form. It is a strategy that can enhance your reading comprehension, as well as improve your speaking skills. This session mainly deals with the following questions: What is retelling? Why use retelling? And how to retell a newspaper article?

●8.3新闻口头报道 Giving an Oral News Presentation

第三节讨论了课堂上做口头新闻陈述的三件事：新闻陈述的准备；帮助观众们记住要点；以及幻灯片设计的基础要点
Session Three discusses three things about delivering an oral news presentation in class：preparing a news presentation; helping the audience remember the key points and the basics of PowerPoint slide design.

●8.4新闻报道评价 Evaluating News Presentations

Peer assessment of a news report can bring benefits to both the presenters and the audiences. Students can learn from each other's presentation skills. They are encouraged to be active listeners and assessors and involved in critical reflection. This session introduces two ways to evaluate a presentation: oral evaluation and written evaluation. Guidelines are given respectively about how to evaluate the presentation orally and in a written rubric.
同伴评议对报道者和观众都益处颇多。学生能够互相学习对方的陈述技巧，学会更用心地观看他人的报道，更活跃地参与点评，进行批判性反思。评价新闻报道的方法有两种：口头评价和书面评价，如何对新闻报道进行口头评价及书面评价本节分别给出了指引。

●8.5你问我答 Questions & Answers

对于观众来说, 问答环节是整个陈述的重要部分,因为它可以为观众解答疑惑、巩固知识 。本节主要解答一个问题：如何解决和有效回应口头陈述的最后的提问环节？
The Q & A session is an important part of the presentation for the whole audience as it allows for clarification and consolidation of learning. This session mainly discusses how to deal with and respond effectively to questions at the end of a presentation.